Hello students in this module we are learning an important process call as fertilization or syngamy now let’s see what this beautiful process is then we want to define fertilization students it is the process of what of fusion of haploid meal and female gamete to form what to fall deployed zygote with to n chromosomes students so this is what the definition of fertilization is but let’s do the detailing of fertilization when we talk about fertilization and human students it is internal that means it takes place inside the body of the female but very exactly inside the body of the female it takes place here and what is this point being pointed at this is the ampulla of the oviduct  like the longest section oviduct  fertilization occurs in the ampulla of oviduct and normally within the six hours of ovulation students now when we talk about fertilization millions of worms released during the insemination that is the release of semen in the vagina of the female around 300 million sperms released but only very few i capable of getting close to the egg and from those few only one gets to fertilize students and let’s see when we talk about fertilization after insemination activation of sperms takes place by Fallopian tube which releases of this viscous fluid but another important step before the actual process of fertilization takes place students is something we call as fertilizing , ant fertilize in reaction and what is that let’s see now what happens is the ovum-female ovum has a glycoprotein which secrete scholars fertilizing it recognized this human sperm because human egg needs to be fertilized by human sperm only so this chemical students recognizes another chemical on the sperm head which is call as antifertilizing which is produced by sperm head and once it recognizes that then only fertilization can proceed this process is one of the most important process before the fertilization callers fertilizing antifertilizing reaction students which is Highly, highly species-specific that means the sperm of any other organism any other animal cannot fertilized human egg now moving on to the details of the process students this is a human egg and let’s say the sperm  which is trying to fertilize the Egg it has to penetrate or pass through three less outermost corona radiate then the second one the transparent ones zona pellucida and inner most students is the vitalline membrane to it needs to penetrate through these three layers and then only fertilization will be successful so let’s see the first layer corner radiator how does it pass through this it releases an enzyme a chromosome of the sperm students releases an enzyme called as Hyalurronidase  acid  which dissolves the cells of this layer remember corona radiate ourselves students were glued by the acid called Hyalurronidase acid that Hyalurronidase acid  is destroyed by this enzyme called as Hyalurronidase  now the second layer which is that zona pellucida, zone pellucida  students has penetrated by the release of an enzyme called as a acrosin or zona lysin that dissolves this layers are two barriers cross now the third is which one  vitalline membrane  students was the sperm head the achromosome membrane touches the vitalline membrane the fuse together a Achrosome membrane the membrane and vitalline membrane fused together and that releases the nucleus of sperm inside the plaza  immediately after the students second meiosis  completes you remember egg of the female was arrested at metaphase 2 stage of meiosis to now it proceeds further and meiosis to complete so you can see that now there are two polar bodies that know by this time first polar body also divides to form another polar body so in the parry vataline Space you may see two or three polar bodies there now what happens after simultaneously with this is the vatelline membrane you can see transforms into a membrane which we call as the fertilization member and what is the purpose of that once fertilization membrane is form students No other sperm can penetrate through the egg now that means fertilization membrane is preventing polyspermy no other sperm can penetrate through the Egg now what happens to this is both the nuclear sperm nucleus and egg nucleus they absorb lot of water and they start growing inside and see that we call them Now pro nuclei sperm pronucleus fuses with the egg pronucleus we call this process as amphimixes or karyogoma. Karayo nuclious Gamy is marriage and students this is when we see a woman has conceived or she is pregnant now fertilization significance what for fertilization complete oogenesis it also determines the gender of the baby if the sperm having X chromosome fuses it’s going to be a baby girl and if it is y chromosome it’s going to be a baby boy also it restores diploydi the fertilization in turn was this proximus centriole  or in the ovem  also students it brings about genetically combination leading to Variation and the most important processes evolution so here then we completed fertilization students we are going to be the next module taking care of embryonic development until then take care.