State Board Commerce (XI-XII) - Test Papers
CBSE IX SA -1 History Ch 1 The French Revolution Demo Videos
Hello students, today we are going to learn a very interesting chapter French Revolution. What exactly is meant by the term revolution? A revolution is a fundamental change brought about intentionally. When a certain social system inflicts injustice on an individual or the society as a whole, people are aroused to action. Such an action in the form of revolt brings in a new change and the change is for the betterment of the society. This is called a revolution.
We will begin with the French society. The French revolution was an epoch making event of the eighteenth century. It was the greatest event of the 18th century. France was an intellectually and economically advanced nation. There was reign of Bourbon dynasty monarch Louis XIV and at the time of Louis XIV, France was at the height of her glory. Paris was the cultural centre of Europe. During 1714 Louis XIV died and because of his death France began to lose its glory. In the span of nearly 75 years from 1714 to 1789 France lost her prosperity.
Let us see, the French society during the last 18th century. Louis XVI became the monarch, he was born in 1774. He belonged to the Bourbon Dynasty. He was crowned as a French Monarch or the King. He was 20 years old. He was a man of character, very kind, very generous. He was a well wisher of his people. He got married to Marie Antoinette. When he became the king, when he accessed the throne, he found that the treasury was empty. Why was it so? Why was the treasury empty? France had fought several wars and because of these wars there was drainage of financial resources. The cost of maintaining the Versailles palace was extravagant, it was huge. So maintaining the palace was an expensive affair. The debt amounted to nearly 2 million Livres that is French currency during the time of Louis XVI. Why was it so? France helped 13 British colonies in America to gain independence from the parent country from the mother country, Britain. And this war added a billion Livres to the debt. The lenders who gave state credit began to charge 10% interest on loans. The French government obliged and it spent an increasing percentage of its budget on interest repayment, the payment of interest as well as the principal amount. The government increased taxes for meeting the expenses. There were different types of taxes and these taxes were incurred on army, court, government offices or universities. The government increased the taxes for meeting the expenses of army, court and government offices or universities.
Let us understand the French Society. The French society was not based on the principle of quality. It was a society based on inequality, because the society was divided into 3 estates or 3 classes. The first class comprised of the clergy. The second class or the second estate comprised of nobles. And the third estate comprised of the common people, it comprised of all the other people other than the clergy and nobles. So, the third estate constituted big businessmen, merchants, officials, lawyers, etc. It also comprised of peasants and artisans and it also included small peasants, landless labourers and servants. We can see that the third estate did not comprise of a homogeneous group, they were the educated and as well as the uneducated lot in the third estate.
Let us understand the characteristics of each estate. The first estate comprised of the priest and the clergy. Second estate, nobles and landlords. Third estate comprised of doctors, lawyers, workers, government employees, peasants, serfs that means the people who are permanently tied to the land, artisans, craftsmen, professionals etc. The population – the first two estates constituted 10% of the population whereas the third estate comprised of 90% of the population. Property – the first two estates owned 60% of the property whereas the third estate owned only 40% of the property. The social conditions – the first estate was prosperous, hedonistic, pleasure loving. The second estate also rolled in luxuries, and they were also seeking pleasure. The educated class and the third estate was financially sound. The condition of farmers & serfs was miserable as they worked like bonded labourers. The privileges – the first estate enjoyed political and economic concessions. The second estate had reservation in politics, military as well as judicial posts, the posts were all hereditary. The educated class in the third estate was deprived of higher posts.
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How To Prepare For NMAT 2016 And Crack it!
NMAT MBA Exam is one of the most sought after MBA Entrance Exams to get admission in premium Management colleges of India. NMAT by GMAC 2016 will be conducted by Graduate Management Admission Committee (GMAC) in a 75-days window that will commence from 7 October and will conclude on 20 December 2016.
It is a competitive exam in which aspirants have to give their cent percent to ace the exam. To crack the NMAT 2016 exam, aspirants should have the complete awareness of the examination pattern. To help the aspirants, we have provided some useful preparation tips for NMAT 2016 exam.
Know the NMAT 2016 Exam Pattern
Before proceeding with the preparation tips, candidates are recommended to keep the examination pattern and syllabus at their fingertips. It is a must for every aspirant to start their preparation after getting an insight of the examination pattern.
NMAT 2016 Exam Pattern
| S.No | Test Sections | Number of Questions | Time Allotted (in minutes) |
| 1 | Language Skills | 32 | 22 |
| 2 | Quantitative Skills | 48 | 60 |
| 3 | Logical Reasoning | 40 | 38 |
| Total | 120 | 120 |
As you can see that the maximum weightage will be given to Quantitative Skills and Logical Reasoning hence, give extra emphasis on these subjects y solving as many questions you can.
How to Prepare for Quantitative Skills?
This section includes questions from Data Interpretation, Data Sufficiency and Quantitative Aptitude. Where in around 90% of the questions were based on Data-Interpretation and QA. Hence, follow the below tips to enhance skills-
- Revise the concept of NCERT Mathematics Books of 06th -10th Standard and practice as much you can.
- Make notes of all shortcuts and formulas
- To prepare well, A SWOT analysis is a must. SWOT Analysis implies to the candidate’s Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Identify your SWOT and prepare accordingly
How to Prepare for Logical Reasoning Skills?
This is the section that needs brainstorming. The more you practice, the better will be the chances to crack the exam. Here 30% questions will be of verbal reasoning including statement-assumption, statement-conclusion, strong & weak arguments, critical reasoning, etc. The remaining questions will be composed on the topics include coding, series, family tree, numerical grid, symbol based logic, etc
How to Prepare for Language Skills?
In this section, verbal abilities will be tested by providing question on fill in the blanks (double, cloze, prepositions-based), antonyms and synonyms, jumbled paragraphs, and analogies. Candidates have to solve 32 questions in 22 minutes that means you have less than a minute to solve a question. Hence, improve your reading abilities in order to solve maximum questions.
- Practice for almost 15 – 30 minutes every day to enhance reading speed
- Learn 10 new words daily with their meaning and usage
Download Robomateplus to prepare in a better way with the help of online and offline video lectures. Get expert’s guideline and assistance in getting the most out of it.
Start preparing … All the Best..
CBSE IX SA -1 Geography Demo Videos
Let’s learn the chapter, Physical Features of India. Now, children, you have already learnt earlier that India is a vast country with varied landforms, different types of land.
What kind of terrain do you live in? Terrain here means land. If you live in the plains you are familiar with vast stretches of plain land. If you live in hilly regions, the rugged terrain with mountains and valleys are common features. The word rugged here means covered with stones.
Then coming to India, our country has practically all major physical features of the earth. Whether it is mountains, then it is plain lands, plateaus, deserts and coastal plains. Finally it is islands, that is Andaman Nicobar Islands as well as Lakshadweep islands. We will be studying all of these one by one in detail.
Now, we have different types of rocks. Coming to this one, some are very hard like marble which has been used for making the Taj Mahal. Some are very soft like soap stone. Then which is used in making talcum powder. The colour of soil varies from one place to other this is because the soil is formed out of different types of rocks. Now, most of these variations are caused due to difference in rock formation.
Now, India is a large landmass formed during different geological periods which has influenced her relief. Relief means variation in height. Now, different geological period’s means the geology or deep time of Earth’s past has been organised into various units. Then it is done according to the events which took place in each period. Besides geological formations, a number of processes such as weathering, erosion and deposition have created and modified the relief to its present form. Coming to the word weathering, this in geography it is commonly used. The word weathering means softening and breaking up of rocks. The other one is erosion, then comes deposition, this continuously happens. Now, the word relief also will be commonly used in geography. This refers to difference in height or variation in height. In mountainous areas this is very commonly seen.
Now, the earth scientists have attempted to explain the formation of physical features, with the help of some theories that are based on certain evidences. One such plausible theory is the “Theory of Plate Tectonics”. Plausible here refers to possible theory. Now, according to this theory, the crust that is the upper part of the earth has been formed out of seven major and some minor plates.
Now, the seven major and some minor plates, one is Pacific Plate, African Plate, South American Plate, Antarctic Plate, North American Plate, then it is Indian Australian Plate, Eurasian Plate. These are the seven plates and some minor plates. This is how planet earth with all the continents are available to us.+-`1
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CBSE IX SA -1 Science Demo Videos
Hello students, let’s begin with the study of Properties of Matter. We have learnt matter is everything that is present around us. Let’s understand what are the different properties of matter? We will begin with the very first property which is most important, let’s begin with this property.
Matter is made up of small, small particles. So, we are confirming by doing a small experiment that matter is made up of small, small particles. To do this what are we going to do is, here we are taking a beaker containing water. So, what we are going to do is, we are taking a glass beaker over here because it is transparent so that we can see through. Take 100ml of water in a beaker. What next you will be doing is dissolve few crystals of potassium permanganate. It is a solid which is purple in colour. So, you have to just dissolve say few crystals of potassium permanganate in this beaker containing water. What will you see, a deep purple colour solution is obtained.
Next we will move ahead with the experiment, I have not yet finished with this. What you have to do next is, take 10ml of this solution, so from this beaker you will be taking 10ml of solution using measuring cylinder, yes. So, take 10ml of solution of this and mix it with 90ml of water present in second beaker to dilute it. So, we are going to dilute it further and see what colour we are getting. So, what we are doing is from first beaker we are taking 10ml, we are putting it in a test tube and we are putting this test tube which contains 10ml of potassium permanganate solution from beaker number one and we are transferring this solution in beaker number two. Next what you will be doing? Continue to dilute it for other beakers. So, we are continuing to do the same thing take 10ml from previous beaker, go and add the same quantity that is 10ml into third beaker. Let’s do it for the fourth time, okay. So, beaker number 3, you take 10ml of solution from beaker number 3 and put it, entire amount you transfer it in beaker number 4. Now, what you see, if you compare the colour. The colour of the solution becomes lighter, lighter and lighter. It was dark purple in the first beaker and it is light pink when we come to beaker number 4. Let’s understand why, what is the reason behind it?
Let’s understand something more about matter. Let’s move ahead with the study about why? 2 or 3 tiny crystals, tiny is very, very small. Crystals of potassium permanganate can impart colour to the large volume of water. Let’s move ahead, this is because each potassium permanganate crystal is made up of millions of small, small particles which keep spreading and imparting colour on dilution. So, here we confirm that each and every particles of potassium permanganate comprises of millions and millions of atoms of potassium permanganate and therefore you get this colour, right.
Let’s move ahead with another property of matter in next module.
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CBSE IX SA 1 Mathematics Ch 01 Number System Module 11 Demo Videos
This is the next question, the next question is from exercise 1.4 and the question is this. Visualize 3.765 on the number line using successive magnification. So, we want to visualise 3.765, where, on the number line, okay, using successive magnification.
So, let us draw a number line, right. So, I am drawing a number line and we will make 10 divisions on this number line at a gap of one, one centimetre each, okay, or you can take two, two centimetres it doesn’t make any difference. At the centre we will write zero on the right side of zero we will have 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and so on. On the left of zero we will have negative numbers, right. Now, visualise 3.765, the number given to us is 3.765. 3.765 lies between which two numbers on this number line. 3.765 lies between 3 and 4. So, what we are going to do, now we are going to magnify the part between 3 and 4. So, what we are going to do is we are going to draw one more number line and make 10 equal parts in that between 3 and 4, right. So, let us draw one more number line, okay and make 10 equal parts between whom, 3 and 4, right. Now, 3 can also be written as 3.0, 4 can also be written as 4.0. After 3.0 which is the next number? It is going to be 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9 and the last is 4.0. The number given to us is 3.765. 3.765 will lie between what and what, which two numbers? 3.765 lies between 3.7 and 3.8. Now, what we are going to do is again we are going to magnify the part between 3.7 and 3.8. So, what we are going to do is we are going to make 10 equal parts between 3.7 and 3.8, right. So, we are going to draw one more number line, okay, and make 10 divisions in it, right, 10 divisions in it and we are going to mark the first one as 3.7 and we are going to mark the last one as 3.8. This 3.7 can be written as 3.70 and this 3.8 could be written as 3.80, right. Now, after 3.70 which is the next one 3.71, 3.72, 3.73, 3.74, 3.75, 3.76, 3.77, 3.78, 3.79 and the last is 3.80. The number given to us is 3.765. 3.765 lies between which two numbers in this third number line? 3.765 lies between 3.76 and 3.77. Now, what we are going to do is we are going to magnify the part between 3.76 and 3.77 and since we are going to magnify this part between 3.76 and 3.77, what are we going to do is that we are going to make 10 equal parts between 3.76 and 3.77 by drawing one more number line. So, let us draw one more number line and make 10 divisions in it, right, 10 divisions in it. And the first division we will write 3.76 and 3.76 can be written as 3.760 and the last one will be 3.77, it could be written as 3.770. And the numbers following 3.760 will be 3.761, 3.762, 3.763, 3.764, 3.765, 3.766, 3.767, 3.768, 3.769 and the last is 3.770. The number given or visualisation is 3.765. So, can we see 3.765 on the number line? So, this is how we are visualising 3.765 on the number line using successive magnification, right.
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Positive Thinking helps in Achieving Higher
In order to carry a positive action
we must develop a positive vision. – Dalai Lama
Positive thinking is a much-hyped concept, but does it work? Or is it easier said than done? Shubha, a 40-year-old Yoga teacher finds it hard to be positive thinking all the time. The example of a Yoga teacher is most appropriate since Yoga teachers usually are doing what they love to do, and it is their job to remain calm. They work in an environment that is peaceful. What could go wrong? How can a Yoga teacher not be positive?
What is Positive Thinking
Positive thinking is not about thinking good things all the time. It is about keeping yourself motivated. It is about aspiring to be the best. The thirst to improve yourself. Standing up again when you fall.
Shubha was going to get married. That was a reason why she had negative thoughts. Although she knew her to be husband, moving into a new house and being associated with another family in a relation was a concern. Above all adjusting to a new routine and investing in the relationship was a priority.
How to go about it
Shubha meditated for some time and realized that worrying about things that are not in her control are of no use. However, adapting to change will definitely help. She decided to decide on the course of things as they came along.
Every time you believe life isn’t going as the way you planned, don’t cry over it. Replan. There is no use crying over spilt milk. Maybe, things will turn out better than you had planned. There are enough examples out there when people look back at their failed decisions and believe that they are much better now. In other words, they came out positively even in bad situations.
There are certain habits that you can inculcate too. Such as surrounding yourself with positive and encouraging friends. Taking responsibility rather than running away from risks. Having a smile on your face.
You will be surprised how helping others actually makes a positive difference to yourself.
As students, we come across many situations when we do not achieve what we want. The follow up to any set back is trying harder.
