State Board Commerce (XI-XII) - Test Papers
WORLD TUBERCULOSIS DAY: Spreading Awareness.
World Tuberculosis Day is a date to renew the pledge to fight and eradicate tuberculosis from around the globe.
Tuberculosis has affected several people through history and has even resulted in death of a lot its victims. It has been detected in 9,000 years old human skeleton found near Israel and in 17000 years old bovine fossils. On a mythical perspective it has also been associated with fantastic stories of vampires, during the Industrial revolution.
Research and History of Tuberculosis
Although Robert Koch identified and presented the tuberculosis virus in March 1882, this disease was associated with tubercles in 1689 by Richard Morton. It was not named tuberculosis until 1839 by J.L. Schönlein. The first TB sanatorium was opened in 1859 in what is now Sokolowsko, Silesia.
The identification and description of the virus was done on March 24th, 1882 by the above mentioned Dr. Koch, who was awarded with Nobel Prize for his discovery in 1905. At the very beginning, the researcher did not believe the association of the human disease with the bovine one; but with the implementation of pasteurization, the disease showed a reduction in its frequency.
Fighting the Disease
From the moment Dr Koch detected the virus, the presence of tuberculosis has reduced constantly. But even with that reduction, it is still one of the most widespread diseases in several parts of the world. Under developed countries like Swaziland and India have higher numbers of cases. Tuberculosis has the second highest number of deaths caused by an infectious disease after HIV/AIDS.
Spreading Awareness of TB
To generate awareness of the disease and for the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the public presentation of the virus, the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease suggested making March 24th as the official World Tuberculosis Day. This proposal was made as one of the steps made by the IUATLD and the World Health Organization in the campaign “Defeat TB: Now and Forever”.
The day was not officially recognized as an annual event by the World Health Assembly from WHO (World Health Organisation) and the United Nations until 1992. From that year on, World Tuberculosis Day has been celebrated and different events have been taken place in several countries such as Netherlands (1995), Germany (1997), and London (1998) among others. Also, every year the World Tuberculosis Day has had diverse themes. This year it is “Wanted: Leaders for a TB-Free World. You can make history. End TB”.
Although there has been a drastic reduction of tuberculosis, it is still one of the 10 most deadly infectious diseases around the globe. WHO leads a worldwide campaign every year and plans years ahead along with other institutes and organization to stop the spread of the disease. The main objective is to get the number to zero and have a world free of tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis in India
As mentioned above, one of the countries with the highest incidence of tuberculosis is India, with actually the 25% of cases worldwide. By the year 2017, the illness has taken 500,000 lives in the country, with an incidence of around 2 million cases a year. Not all the cases result in death. On most occasions the disease lies in a latent state, which is worse, since this way it spreads faster.
The Indian Prime Minister Mr Narendra Modi has launched a campaign to eradicate tuberculosis from India by 2025. “The government has made a provision of spending USD 100 million per annum for providing nutrition support to the patients suffering from disease,” he said. “The National Strategic Plan to eradicate TB by 2025 is operational and the government is constantly increasing budget for the schemes to counter the disease,” he said.
Is it better to study for IIT JEE Main and Advanced early in the morning or later at night
Sarvesh Mehtani, AIR 1 (IIT JEE Advanced 2017)
Till the syllabus was completed, I used to study till late in the night to study for JEE Main and Advanced Exam. And after that it used to be fixed and I studied for almost 5-6 hours. During revision, I didn’t study at night because the exams are in the morning and it is necessary to schedule your body accordingly.
Shubham Goel, AIR 6 (IIT JEE Advanced 2014)
I actually optimized my time to the extent of taking care of the gap that you have between JEE Advanced Paper 1 and Paper 2. So, I realized during my paper analysis that, I was constantly scoring lower in Paper 2 than Paper 1. And I think it was due to lack of sleep. I used to get tired by the time I would reach the end of Paper 2. I would start making a lot of silly mistakes and sometimes, I would not be even able to complete the paper. So I made it a conscious habit to sleep for 15-20 minutes – take a power nap during the break. So I used to do that every-day even before the exam for like one month. It really helped me. My body clock was such that, I would automatically feel sleepy during those 15 minutes. I would feel fresh during both the papers. So, I think it’s imperative that you optimize your body clock for the paper.
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How many Hours to Study for IIT JEE Main & Advanced Exam by Toppers
Ashish Waikar AIR 7 (IIT JEE Advanced 2017)
I neither had a fix time table nor number of study hours to study for JEE Main & Advanced Exam . I studied what I felt was required to be covered in a particular day. Some days, I would study for 3 hours and other days for 4, 10 or 12 hours. I used to do it according to myself. But on an average it should be around 6 hours every day. Plan it in a way that you have some aim to cover something and try to achieve your aim for the day.
Sarvesh Mehtani, AIR 1 (IIT JEE Advanced 2017)
If by studying less your targets are being achieved then perhaps somewhere you are setting your targets low. You should not do that. You should not limit your targets. If you are feeling that, you are only able to complete only so much, then you should update your target. You should update your target regularly so that it will increase your output for JEE Main & Advanced Exam and your potential is reached.
Download JEE Main & Advanced Previous year Question Paper
All About VITEEE
VITEEE (Vellore Institute of Technology Engineering Entrance Exam) is an entrance exam conducted by VIT (Vellore Institute of Technology) University for the aspirants who want to take admissions for B.TECH programs available at Vellore & Chennai campuses.
VIT conducts its own entrance test VITEEE to admit students on the merit basis. It is conducted every year in Month of Apr-May. The entrance test has been conducted online since 2013. VITEEE is easier than any other engineering entrance exams like JEE mains or JEE advanced. Apart from Vellore & Chennai the exam is also conducted in Dubai & Kuwait.
VIT University founded in 1984 as Vellore engineering college. VIT was ranked 801-1000 in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings of 2018. It is affiliated by UGC (University Grant Commission). VIT University offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, 4 integrated MS courses and 4 doctoral programs. VIT University also organizes industrial workshops like Automotive, Engineering organized by ParaMek. VIT is working as Top 10 engineering institutes in India. It has created its own identity by offering quality education in the different discipline.
As VITEEE exam is conducted every year, 2018 exam will be conducted from April 4 to April 15. The link to apply for the test has been closed as March 18 was the last date.
Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) invites application for the admissions of B.Tech for the sessions 2018-19 and is purely based on CBT conducted by it.
We can discuss exam pattern and admission criteria.
Admission Criteria
Clearing VITEEE is a must for taking admission in engineering courses. If anyone has not applied, not given exam, or not able to clear then they are not eligible to take admissions.
Candidates who have given the good performance in CBT will be called for counseling and interview sessions. Later admission process will start.
VITEEE Exam Pattern
There are two papers PCB (Physics, Chemistry & Biology) and PCM (Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics) with 120 questions (40 for each) plus 5 questions of English. It means total 125 questions per paper. Language will be only English.
PCM=125 Questions
PCB=125 Questions
There will be no negative marking; this is a plus point for students.
Candidates who have appeared for PCM will be eligible to apply all 18 B.Tech engineering programs.
Candidates who have appeared for PCB will be eligible to apply only 3 B.Tech Bio-stream Engineering Programs.
Subjects covered
- Physics
- Chemistry
- Biology
- Mathematics
- English
Date of Exam
VITEEE entrance test is a computer based test (CBT) and its instruction language is only English. The duration of the exam is only two and half hours.
Date: 4th April 2018- 15th April 2018
The Test will be held in 3 sessions per day.
Timings:
Session I : 09.00 am to 11.30 am
Session II : 12.30 pm to 03.00 pm
Session III: 04.00 pm to 06.30 pm
The Indian Exam centre for CBT is located in different cities of Andaman & Nicobar Island and Andhra Pradesh
The international Exam centre will be Dubai, Kuwait, Muscat & Qatar.
JEE Advanced Exam Paper Pattern 2018
JEE Advanced Exam Paper Pattern 2018 consist of total marks, number of question, marking scheme etc. There are 2 papers in JEE Advanced and it is compulsory to appear in both the papers – Paper I and Paper II. Paper I & Paper II consist of total 306 marks with 54 Questions in each. There are 3 separate sections in both the papers, namely Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. JEE Advanced 2018 will be conducted in computer based mode for 3 hours on May 20. Paper 1 starts from 09:00 am to 12:00 pm and Paper 2 from 2:00 pm to 05:00 pm.
JEE Advanced Paper 1
|
Section |
No. of questions | Maximum Marks |
|
Section 1 |
7 |
28 |
|
Section 2 |
5 |
15 |
| Section 3 |
6 |
18 |
Paper 1 was divided into three equal parts and each part had 3 sections. Therefore, Paper 1 was of 183 Marks and there were total 54 questions.
JEE Advanced Marking Scheme: Paper 1
|
Section |
Question Type | Total Questions | Full Marks | Partial marks | Negative Marks |
Maximum Marks |
|
1 |
Single correct option | 7 | +3 | – | -1
When answered wrong |
28 |
| 2 | One or more correct option(s) |
5 |
+4
(When all the correct options are selected) |
+1
(For darkening each of the correct options provided no incorrect option is darkened) |
-2
(When answered wrong) |
15 |
| 3 | Single digit integer (0-9) | 6 | +3
(For the correct answer) |
– | – |
18 |
|
Possible response |
Section 1 | Section 2 | Section 3 |
|
Not attempted |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Partial Correct |
+1 for each correct option selected | 0 |
0 |
|
Correct |
+4 | +3 |
3 |
| incorrect |
-2 |
0 |
-1 |
JEE Advanced Paper 2:
|
Section |
No. of questions |
Maximum Marks |
|
Section 1 |
7 |
21 |
|
Section 2 |
7 |
28 |
|
Section 3 |
4 |
12 |
Paper 2 was also divided into three equal parts and each part had 3 sections. Therefore, Paper 2 was of 183 Marks and there were total 54 questions.
JEE Advanced Marking Scheme: Paper 2
|
Section |
Question Type | Total Questions | Full Marks | Partial marks | Negative Marks |
Maximum Marks |
| 1 |
Single correct option |
7 | +3
(For correct answer) |
– | -1
(In all other cases) |
21 |
| 2 |
One or more correct option(s) |
7 | +4
(When all the correct options are selected) |
+1
(For darkening each of the correct options provided no incorrect option is darkened) |
-2
(In all other cases) |
28 |
| 3 | Comprehension |
4 |
+3
(When only the correct answered bubble is darkened) |
– | – |
12 |
|
Possible response |
Section 1 | Section 2 |
Section 3 |
| Not attempted |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Partial Correct |
+1 for each correct option selected |
0 |
0 |
|
Correct |
+3 | +4 |
+3 |
| Incorrect |
-1 |
-2 |
0 |
World Water Day – Nature for Water
World Water Day is celebrated in the world to spread awareness about the conservation and importance of fresh and potable water.
Water – the soul of the planet
When our planet is seen from outer space, it has a distinguished blue color that highlights it from other planets. This bluish characteristic of the earth is due to the water contained in it.
Water is the key element of life as we know it. It is remarkable that 70% of the planet and the human body are made of water. It is a very important component of all forms of life on earth. Since there is so much importance of water on the planet the need of generating awareness about conservation and relevance of fresh water is also important.
World water day and its importance
This day was first officially proposed in Agenda 21 of United Nations Conference on Environment and Development on March 22nd in the year 1992, which took place in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The decision was taken by the United Nations General Assembly in order to increase the awareness among people about the importance, need, and conservation of this vital resource.
From there onwards, all the members of the United Nations have followed all the organization recommendations as well as promoting global water conservation through several activities and events. Since the implementation of World Water Day, the UN-Water has been responsible of the selection of a yearly theme and distribution of global messages along with leading the UN agencies for celebrating this event.
For the year 2018, the theme selected has been “Nature for Water” the purpose of is to explore how nature can be used to overcome the water issues presented in this troublesome 21st Century.
World Water Day is supported by several private institutions and people all over the world by establishing events such as theatrical and musical celebrations, educational events, and campaigns to raise money for access to clean and affordable water worldwide.
Several organizations involved in the objectives established by this event are the International Labor Organization, UNICEF, WaterAid, End Water Poverty, among others.
India and world water day
But why do people celebrate this event? The reasons would vary from people to people and every country around the globe has issues concerning the drinkable water and pollution of rivers, lakes, and seas. One clear example about some of these issues is India. The Asian country has a shortage of clean water supply for about 63 million people with over a sixth of India´s groundwater supply being overused. Most people have access to water only from ponds or rivers with high levels of pollution reaching astonishing levels. An alarming 80% of India’s surface water is polluted, a latest assessment by WaterAid, an international organization working for water sanitation and hygiene. Water-borne diseases and death related to contaminated water affect people from India.
Conclusion
So there lies the importance of initiatives like World Water Day and all the events related to it. The awareness of the proper distribution of potable water and its appropriate use among humans will be important to make this planet an immaculate place.
