Test Papers – National Board Exam (IX-X)
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases and Salts
NCERT solutions for class 10 Science chapter 2 cover the important topic of acids, bases and salts. The acids and bases are important elements in any chemical reaction. These chemicals are used in our day to day life. Some of the commonly used acids are vinegar (ethanoic acid) and lemon juice (citric acid) and salt is common salt.
The acids and bases can either be concentrated or dilute. Here we brief about the same
Acids
They turn blue litmus paper to red. Acids contain hydrogen ions and react to form salts with metals. They have a pH less than 7. The acids found in lab are Hydrochloric acid, Sulphuric acid or Nitric acid
Bases
They turn red litmus paper to blue. Alkalis contain hydroxide ions (OH-). The bases found in lab are Sodium hydroxide, Calcium hydroxide or Ammonia.
Properties of Acids and Bases
Properties of acids
- All acids are liquid in nature
- They are solutions in water
- They are sour to taste
- Corrosive in nature
- Turn Universal Indicator from green to red
Properties of alkalis
- They produce soap or lather
- Soluble bases
- They can burn skin
- Bitter to taste
- Turns Universal Indicator from green to blue or purple
Salts
They are formed by interaction of acid with metals. The H+ ion from acid gets replaced by the metal ion resulting in salt.
Common Salt (Sodium Chloride)
Sodium chloride (NaCl) is also known as common or table salt. It is formed by reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. It is a neutral salt i.e. the pH value of sodium chloride is 7. It is used to add taste to food.
Chemicals from Common Salt
It can also be used in the manufacturing of various chemicals such as sodium hydroxide, Sodium carbonate, bleaching powder etc.
Download NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases and Salts
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science chapter 3 – Metals and Non – Metals
Mrs. Revathi Srinivasan talks about the Advantages of Technology in Education
Mrs Revathi Srinivasan, Director – Education and Principal, Smt. Sulochanadevi Singhania School answers questions regarding the growing use of technology in today learning process. Is it a boon or a bane? Behram Sir of Robomate+ asks questions and doubts on behalf of many educationists, teachers and parents.
8 Tips on How to Focus on Studies and Get Ready for Exams
Studying for hours on end is not necessarily productive. However, learning for a small duration, but with concentration is much better. The main aim of learning is to grasp concepts and information and remember it. If you try to learn without understanding, you will end-up trying to memorize chapters, which is really not easy, and ultimately forget what you have memorized soon. Here we give you tips on How to Focus on Studies.
How to Stay Focused While Studying
Organize and Make a Plan to Study
Make a proper study timetable and stick to it on daily basis. Make a list of chapters or concepts you need to revise and paste it on your wall, so you will know exactly the things that have to be done.
Set Daily Goals that are Achievable
Sticking to a timetable can be a very daunting task. So make a goal oriented time table rather than just a list of things to be done. Try to set specific study goals which are achievable like the number of pages you will learn or the number of math problems you will solve. Make sure you complete your tasks for the day before going to bed.
Read: 5 Tips To Get Most Out Of Your Study Time
Stay Away from Distractions
According to a study done by University of California-Irvine, it can take, on average, nearly 20 minutes to get back to the earlier level of concentration after an interruption. Electronic gadgets are the main source of distraction today. Social Media including video sites kill precious time of students. Studying in a place where the television is being watched or other children are having fun will lead to unwanted distractions. So staying away from all distractions is a good way to stay focused while studying.
Read: Tips to Balance Your Study and Play Time
Study in a Proper Study Environment
Fix a place for your study. Maybe it is your room, outhouse or a room on your terrace. You can paste charts of formulas, diagrams, time table, etc, to refer and memorize them easily. The place should be away from all kinds of distractions including your television and radio. It should give you peaceful environment to study. A desk or table facing your charts and flash cards will lend the room an environment that encourages longer periods of focus while studying. Avoid studying on your bed since you may get the urge to lie down and then doze off.
Note Important Tasks if They Come to Mind
Many times while you are doing something important, in this case – studying, you remember an important task that you had to do, but forgot. Don’t rush to do it right away. It will take away precious minutes of your allotted time of study. Instead, make a list of to do list which you will do after you have finished your studying.
Sufficient Rest and Sustenance is Part of the Study Process
Sufficient sleep, healthy food and exercise is necessary to have a healthy mind and body that supports your intentions of studying according to plan and completing goals you’ve set in your time table. An empty stomach can also be a distraction. A restless brain and a weak body will not help in staying focused while studying.
Keep all required things with you (water, Snacks etc.)
Along with the best study material and study tools you can keep lots of fresh fruits and vegetables snacks which help in increasing memory power and stamina. You should keep yourself hydrated with water or fresh fruit juices. Always have a bottle of water on your study table to avoid getting up to fetch water.
Difficult to Concentrate for Long Periods
The biggest problem to concentrating on anything is lack of interest. Studies for many is not something they want to do. So you will have to motivate yourself to study. Remember good marks will get you admiration from classmates and adulation from friends and relatives. Also you could begin your time-table setting with smaller periods of time between breaks. You could sit continuously for 30 minutes at the start and build up to a couple of hours over a period of days.
Best Reference Book for SSC Board Exam Class 10
Class X is the major milestone for students and they are required to study hard to score well. There are a number of books available in the market to refer and write Maharashtra Board exams such as Navneet, target, Unique Solutions, or Master key
Introduction:
Master key is the most popular book series among students. The books are published under Chetana Publications. It publishes study material for Class V to X for students of both English & Marathi medium. It covers all the subjects of English & Marathi mediums. In addition, to the high school books, it also has a book series of XI & XII Science & Commerce streams.
Why Master Key?
Master Key is the best book for class X Maharashtra board, here we give you points which differentiate and supersede it from other book series
- Summary of Every Chapter: Each chapter starts with the summary providing insights about the topics which will be covered. This helps students to be prepared for the sub-topics to be studied
- Easy Understanding: The topics are explained in simple language in a stepwise manner. The students find it easy to understand hence can concentrate and learn better.
- Answers in Points Form: Long paragraphs are boring and difficult to understand. Splitting the answers in a pointwise manner helps in easy learning. The book provides diagrams and charts wherever applicable
- Similar to Textbook: Master Key covers all the topics as per the Maharashtra Board class X, making it the best book for class X Maharashtra board. All the topics are efficiently covered to get score in the board exams.
- Practice Paper After every Chapter: All the important questions which has appeared in the previous year question Paper are covered after every chapter.
What is Global Warming, Causes, Effects , Future Impacts & Prevention
What is Global Warming?
Global warming refers to raise in the temperature of the Earth’s climate system. The Earth’s climate is becoming warmer than before and is supported by many scientific studies. Human influence seems to have been one of the leading Global Warming Causes. There has been increase in temperature of both land and water and ultimately the earth’s atmosphere.
The scientist have gathered information on the weather changes in terms of temperature, precipitation and storms which effect the ocean current and the chemical composition of air. The industrial revolution has turned out to be a boon to humanity but had adverse impact on the environment.
Causes of Global Warming:
Carbon dioxide emissions from Coal Burning Plants: We are depending on coal for generating electricity. The coal while burning releases carbon-di-oxide in the air which accounts for increase in temperature of the atmosphere. With increasing number of electronics in the daily household activities and also the personal use of gadgets, more electricity needs to be generated which means more amount of carbon-di-oxide in the air.
Deforestation: Forests are the main source of capturing the carbon. Deforestation either for wood, fuel, paper, grazing of livestock or palm oil plantations increases the release of carbon in the atmosphere.
Use of Chemical Fertilizers: Nitrogen-rich fertilizers have high heat-trapping capacity per unit of volume. The nitrates are also not good for human beings.
Effects of Global Warming:
Rise in Sea levels: The increased temperature has melted two large glaciers in Antarctica and Greenland increasing the sea levels. Many small island nations and the sea side cities may sink in the sea water.
Severe Storms and Cyclones: There is evidence that global warming has increased the severity of hurricanes and cyclones.
Desertfication: The climate change will result in shortage of water and will be forced to move the human life from a hotter reghion to better place. There will be scarcity of food as there is no water for crops.
Extinction of species: The conservation specialist has confirmed the widespread extinction of species due to habitat-destruction and modification due to rising temperatures. This can be exemplified with disappearance of coral reefs which are expected to go extinct by 2100. The ocean ecosystem will be affected as many species are depended on coral reefs for their survival.
Future Impacts of Global Warming:
Effects of global warming depend on the amount of raise in the temperature of the atmosphere. The things will only worsen with the high temperatures such as heat waves, Droughts, floods, hurricanes, extinction of species and crop failures.
Prevention of Global Warming:
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a body in United Nations meets in couple of years to review and analyse the situation providing consensus and scientific findings. Here we list few ways to prevent global warming
- Use renewable energy resources
- heating and air-conditioning consumes lots of power, try to insulate the house to reduce the consumption of electricity
- Drive a fuel-efficient vehicle
- Reduce wastage of water
Social Responsibility towards reducing Global Warming:
One of the main ways to prevent global warming is to discuss the effects of global warming which creates awareness among people. Global Warming causes detrimental environment effects which are not suitable for living-beings. Utilise the methods which reduces the release of carbon-di-oxide in the air, plant trees, try to reduce the consumption electricity, reduce usage of petrol, maybe you can use public transport or go on a bicycle.
How to Make Your Own Notes
Introduction
Regardless of whether you need to prevail in school or you need to be over your expert profession, viable note-taking is a significant aptitude for holding, recollecting, presenting and reviewing data. In the event of these straightforward advances and tips, you won’t just figure out about note-making; you’ll figure out how to make study notes all the more viable which will enable you to apply information and hold material.
Notes Making Material (colour pens, marker, etc.)
Assemble your note-taking materials. It might sound essential. However, it’s imperative to have the majority of your note making materials sorted out and prepared to go before the beginning of any class, meeting or address. In case you’re composing with paper and pens, ensure you have an A4 measured notepad with a lot of clear pages and two of each shading pen. In case you’re utilizing a workstation, ensure it’s completely charged or that you can sit close to an electrical plug.
Mind Mapping
For mind mapping, you need to have two things to follow: first an active mind, secondly notes which help you to map to various topics. Try to be alert in class and rid yourself of distractions. You should bring your glasses if you need them. Likewise, make sure to position yourself in a region of the room where you can viably observe and hear the speaker. Be an attentive person.
Summarize and note all the important points
You have tons of data to take in amid the exams. Furthermore, you are not going to have the capacity to hold this data except if you record a considerable measure of it. The demonstration of recording data merges it in your memory in a way that you can’t accomplish by just perusing. While there are numerous different techniques that you should utilize while considering — examine notes are an absolute necessity. Your notes should be composed of your own words. Just duplicating content straight from a book won’t accomplish anything by any means.
No need to Write Everything (Draw little Pictures/Examples and use your own words/keywords)
At the point when note-taking, numerous individuals commit the error of thoughtlessly bringing down each word, without truly understanding what is being said. Don’t follow this practice. Understand and make short plus interesting points that cover every detail but are not too lengthy and tedious to read. Keep it concise. Draw diagrams and images instead. The mind processes pictorial knowledge much faster.
Conclusion
We suggest that you examine/study notes of a few times amid a couple of days before the exam. This will help to solidify what you’ve composed. We’re confident that skimming through your examination notes ahead of time up to an exam helps you to improve the whole learning process.
